longing for

ἐπιθυμία, ας, ἡ (s. ἐπιθυμέω; Pre-Socr., Hdt.+)

① a great desire for someth., desire, longing, craving

ⓐ as a neutral term, in Hdt., Pla., Thu. et al. αἱ περὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐ. desires for other things Mk 4:19. ἐ. πράξεων πολλῶν desire for much business Hm 6, 2, 5 (but mng. 2 below is also poss.). ἐ. τῆς ψυχῆς desire of the soul Rv 18:14.

ⓑ of desire for good things (Diod S 11, 36, 5 ἐπιθ. τῆς ἐλευθερίας=for freedom; Pr 10:24 ἐ. δικαίου δεκτή; ἄνερ ἐπιθυμιῶν GrBar 1:3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχειν εἴς τι have a longing for someth. Phil 1:23 (ἐ. ἔχειν as Jos., C. Ap. 1, 255; ἐ. εἰς as Thu. 4, 81, 2). ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπιθυμεῖν (Gen 31:30) eagerly desire Lk 22:15 (s. on ἐπιθυμέω); ἐν πολλῇ ἐ. w. great longing 1 Th 2:17. ἐλπίζει μου ἡ ψυχὴ τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ μου μὴ παραλελοιπέναι τι I hope that, in accordance with my desire, nothing has been omitted B 17:1. ἡ ἐ. καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία 21:7. ε. ἀγαθὴν καὶ σεμνήν Hm 12, 1, 1.

② a desire for someth. forbidden or simply inordinate, craving, lust (as early as Plato, Phd. 83b ἡ τοῦ ὡς ἀληθῶς φιλοσόφου ψυχὴ οὕτως ἀπέχεται τ. ἡδονῶν τε καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν κτλ.; Polystrat. p. 30; Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 15 Jac.; then above all, the Stoics [EZeller, Philos. d. Griechen III/1⁴, 1909, 235ff], e.g. Epict. 2, 16, 45; 2, 18, 8f; 3, 9, 21 al.; Maximus Tyr. 24, 4a μέγιστον ἀνθρώπῳ κακὸν ἐπιθυμία; Herm. Wr. 1, 23; 12, 4, also in Stob. p. 444, 10 Sc.; Wsd 4:12; Sir 23:5; 4 Macc 1:22; 3:2 al.; ApcMos 19 ἐ. … κεφαλὴ πάσης ἁμαρτίας; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 93, Leg. All. 2, 8, Vi. Cont. 74; Jos., Bell. 7, 261, Ant. 4, 143) Ro 7:7f; Js 1:14f; 2 Pt 1:4. ἐ. πονηρά (X., Mem. 1, 2, 64; Ar. 8, 4) Hv 1, 2, 4; 3, 7, 3; 3, 8, 4; m 8:5. ἐ. κακή (Pla., Leg. 9, 854a; Pr 12:12; 21:26; Just., A I, 10, 6) Col 3:5.—Of sexual desire (as early as Alcaeus [acc. to Plut., Mor. 525ab]; lead tablet fr. Hadrumetum 7 in Dssm., B 28 [BS 273ff] and IDefixWünsch no. 5 p. 23; PGM 17a, 9; 21; Sus Theod. 8; 11; 14 al., LXX 32; Jos., Ant. 4, 130; 132; Ath. 33, 1 μέτρον ἐπιθυμίας ἡ παιδοποιία; Did., Gen. 151, 27 ἄλογος ἐ.) D 3:3. πάθος ἐπιθυμίας 1 Th 4:5. κατʼ ἐπιθυμίαν (cp. Epict. 3, 15, 7; M. Ant. 2, 10, 1; 2; 3; Just., A II, 5, 4; Ath. 21, 1) in accordance with physical desire alone IPol 5:2. πρὸς ἐπιθυμίαν τ. ἀνθρώπων Ox 840, 38 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e πρὸς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τοῦ σώματος=to satisfy the desires of the body; cp. 405e: gambling, drunkenness and gluttony are called ἐπιθυμίαι.—In Ox 840, 38, since the ν in ἐπιθυμίαν is missing and restored, the word might also be ἐπιθυμίας.). ἐ. γυναικός (Da 11:37) Hm 6, 2, 5; 12, 2, 1. Pl. (oft. LXX; EpArist 256; Philo) w. παθήματα Gal 5:24. In a list of vices (cp. Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 172, Migr. Abr. 60, Vi. Cont. 2) 1 Pt 4:3; D 5:1. ἐ. πολλαὶ ἀνόητοι many foolish desires 1 Ti 6:9; νεωτερικαὶ ἐ. youthful desires 2 Ti 2:22 (WMetzger, TZ 33, ’77, 129–36); κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐ. in accordance w. their own desires 4:3; cp. πρὸς τὰς ἰ. ἐ. Pol. 7:1; κατὰ τὰς ἐ. αὐτῶν AcPl Ha 8, 20 (for this: ἀνομίας AcPl BMM recto, 26, restored after Ox 1602, 27). αἱ πρότερον ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ ἐ. the desires that ruled over you formerly, when you were ignorant 1 Pt 1:14.—W. gen.: subjective gen. ἐ. ἀνθρώπων 1 Pt 4:2; τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν J 8:44; gen. of quality ἐ. μιασμοῦ defiling passion 2 Pt 2:10; cp. μιαρὰς ἐ. 1 Cl 28:1; βδελυκτὰς ἐ. 30:1. ἐ. τῆς ἀπάτης deceptive desires Eph 4:22. τῶν ἐ. τῶν ματαίων 2 Cl 19:2; cp. Hm 11, 8. ἐ. τῶν ἀσεβειῶν Jd 18. ἐ. τῆς πονηρίας evil desire Hv 1, 1, 8. ἐ. τῆς ἀσελγείας 3, 7, 2; the gen. can also indicate the origin and seat of the desire ἐ. τῶν καρδιῶν of the hearts (Sir 5:2) Ro 1:24. τῆς καρδίας … τῆς πονηρᾶς 1 Cl 3:4. ἐ. τοῦ θνητοῦ σώματος Ro 6:12 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e, s. above; Sextus 448 ἐπιθυμίαι τοῦ σώματος). τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3; 1J 2:16; 2 Pt 2:18; B 10, 9. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν 1J 2:16; to denote someth. to which desire belongs gener. vs. 17; σαρκικαὶ ἐ. (Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 22; Did., Gen. 62, 3) 1 Pt 2:11; D 1:4; σωματικαὶ ἐ. (4 Macc 1:32) ibid.; κοσμικαὶ ἐ. worldly desires Tit 2:12; 2 Cl 17:3; ἐ. τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Pol 5:3; εἰς ἐ. to arouse desires Ro 13:14; ποιεῖν τὰς ἐ. act in accordance w. the desires J 8:44. τελεῖν ἐ. σαρκός gratify the cravings of the flesh Gal 5:16; ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐ. obey the desires Ro 6:12; δουλεύειν ἐ. be a slave to the desires Tit 3:3; cp. δοῦλος ἐπιθυμίας IPol 4:3. ἄγεσθαι ἐπιθυμίαις be led about by desires 2 Ti 3:6. πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὰς ἐ. Jd 16; 18; 2 Pt 3:3; ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις (Sir 5:2) 1 Pt 4:3; ταῖς ἐ. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου Hs 6, 2, 3; 6, 3, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. ἀναστρέφεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐ. Eph 2:3.—BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 186f; RAC II 62–78. S. πόθος.—Schmidt, Syn. III 591–601. M-M. TW. Sv.

φιλόγαμος

longing for marriage: masc /fem acc sg

φιλόγαμος

longing for marriage: neut nom /voc /acc sg

λῐλαίομαι, only [tense] pres. and [tense] impf.,

A long or desire earnestly, freq. in Hom., mostly c. inf., long to be or do so and so, τίμε.. λιλαίεαι ἠπεροπεύειν; Il.3.399;

λ. πολεμίζειν 16.89

;

εὐνηθῆναι 14.331

: metaph., of a lance, λιλαιομένη χροὸς ἆσαι longing to taste flesh, 21.168, cf. 11.574, 15.317; λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι longing for him to be her husband, Od.1.15, 9.30, 32, 23.334: c. gen., long for, πολέμοιο, ὁδοῖο, βιότοιο, δόρποιο, Il.3.133, Od.1.315, 12.328, 13.31; also φόωσδε λιλαίεο struggle to the light of day, 11.223: so in later [dialect] Ep., c. inf., A.R.3.394, al.: c. acc., Nonn.D.28.144: abs., ib.42.132.—Cf. λελίημαι.

ἐπείγω, Il.12.452, etc., [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἐποίγω Hdn.Gr.2.436: [tense] impf.

A

ἤπειγον Pi.O.8.47

, S.Ph. 499, [dialect] Ep.

Ἔπειγον Od.12.205

: [tense] aor.

ἤπειξα Hp.Ep. 17

, Plu.Pomp.21, etc.:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Hom. (v. infr.), etc.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med.

ἐπείξομαι A.Pr.52

: [tense] aor.

ἠπείχθην Th.1.80

, Pl.Lg. 887c: [tense] pf.

ἤπειγμαι J.BJ1.8.7

, Aristid.Or.17(15).9, Gal.6.177: the compd. κατ-επείγω is more freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose:—press by weight, ὀλίγον τέ μιν ἄχθος ἐπείγει the weight presses lightly on him, Il.12.452:— [voice] Pass., to be weighed down,

ἐπείγετο γὰρ βελέεσσι 5.622

;

θάμνοι.. ἐπειγόμενοι πυρὸς ὁρμῇ

overpowered,

11.157

, cf. 21.362.

2 press hard (in pursuit),

ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει 6.85

, Od.19.73: c.acc.,

δύω κύνε.. κεμάδ' ἠὲ λαγωὸν ἐπείγετον Il.10.361

:—in a current phrase,

οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς τὸ λεγόμενον ἐπείγων διώκει Pl.Lg. 887b

.

II drive on, urge forward,

ἐρετμὰ.. χερσὶν ἔπειγον Od.12.205

; freq. of a fair wind,

ἔπειγε γὰρ οὖρος 12.167

;

ὁππότ' ἐπείγῃ ἲς ἀνέμου Il.15.382

;

καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδ' ἐπείγει κατὰ πρύμναν S.Ph. 1451

(anap.).

III generally, urge on, hasten,

ἐπείγετε δ' ὦνον Od.15.445

; τὸν οἴκαδ' ἤπειγον στόλον urged the homeward course, S.Ph. 499;

ἐ. τινά Id.OC 1540

:—[voice] Pass., of a ship,

ἐπείγετο χέρσ' ἐπετάων Od. 13.115

;

Διὸς οὔρῳ 15.297

, cf. E.IT 1393, Th.3.49; of persons, θορύβοις ἠπειγμένος J.l.c.

2 [voice] Med., urge on for oneself,

μίμνετ' ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον Od.2.97

; so τὴν παρασκευήν, τὸν πλοῦν ἐπείγεσθαι, Th.3.2,4.5, al.: abs., ἐπειγομένων ἀνέμων by the force of winds, Il.5.501; ὀπὸς γάλα.. ἐπειγόμενος συνέπηξεν the fig-juice by its power curdles the milk, ib. 902.

3 [voice] Pass., hurry oneself, haste to do, c. inf.,

μή τις.. ἐπειγέσθω οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι Il.2.354

, cf. Hes.Sc.21, Hdt.8.68. γ, Th.8.46, etc.: abs., make haste,

ἐπειγέσθω δὲ καὶ αὐτός Il.6.363

;

ὧραι ἐπειγόμεναι Pi.N.4.34

;

ἐπειχθῆναι πᾶν πρῆγμα τίκτει σφάλματα Hdt.7.10

.

ζ; δρόμῳ ἐπείγεσθαι Id.6.112

;

νυκτὸς ἅρμ' ἐπείγεται A.Ch. 660

;

δεῦρ' ἐπείγονται E. Ion 1258

;

ὥσπερ τι δεινὸν ἀγγελῶν ἐ. Ar.Ach. 1070

;

οὐ τῶν ἐπειγομένων ἀλλὰ τῶν εὖ βουλευομένων Antipho 5.94

, cf. Th.8.82;

ἐπείγεσθαι ἐπὶ.. Hdt.4.135

; ἐς πύλας, πρὸς τὴν γέφυραν, E.Ph. 1171, Th.6.101;

ἠπείγετο οἴκαδε Pl.Tht. 142c

, etc.: in Hom. mostly in part., like an Adv. with Verbs, ἐπειγομένη ἀφικάνει in eager haste she comes, Il. 6.388;

ψυχὴ.. ἔσσυτ' ἐπειγομένη 14.519

;

τάμνον ἐπειγόμενοι 23.119

, etc.; so in [dialect] Att.,

εἴσω ᾔει ἐπειγόμενος Pl.Prt. 310b

.

b [voice] Pass., also, to be eager for a thing, esp. in part.: c. inf., πρὸς ἠέλιον κεφαλὴν τρέπε.. δῦναι ἐπειγόμενος eager for its setting, Od.13.30, cf. A. Pr.52: c. gen., ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο longing for the journey, Od.1.309, etc.; ἐ. περ Ἄρηος eager for the fray, Il.19.142;

ἐ. περὶ νίκης 23.437

, 496.

IV intr., = [voice] Pass., hasten to a place, Pi.O.8.47, S.El. 1435, E.Or. 799, Ar. Pax 943, etc.

2 to be pressing, urgent,

ἐν ταῖς ἐπειγούσαις χρείαις Ph.Bel.56.47

; τὰ ἐπείγοντα pressing matters, Plu. Sert.3, Aristid.1.119 J., cf. BGU1141.4 (i B.C.), etc.;

χρείαν τινὰ ἐπείγειν λέγων App.Mith.79

; τῆς ὥρας -ούσης since time was pressing, Plu.2.108f;

τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἐπειγόντων Id.Marc.24

.

3 impers., οὐκ ἐπείγει διαριθμεῖν there's no pressing need to count, Longin.43.6: part. abs.,

ἐπεῖξαν

the need being urgent,

Aristid.Or.36(48).10

.

πεινάω (πεῖνα ‘hunger’; Hom.et al.; PFlor 61, 54; LXX; TestJob 23:8; ParJer 9:20; Philo, Joseph.; Tat. 23, 1) pres. ptc. acc. by-form πεινοῦντα (TestJob 23:8; s. B-D-F §90); fut. πεινάσω; 1 aor. ἐπείνασα (on the forms in α, which our lit. shares w. the LXX, in contrast to earlier Gk., s. Phryn. p. 61 Lob.; B-D-F §70, 2; §88; Mlt-H. 195; 253)

① to feel the pangs of lack of food, hunger, be hungry (Iren. 3, 22, 2 [Harv. II 122, 6]) Mt 4:2; 12:1, 3; 21:18; 25:35, 37, 42, 44; Mk 2:25; 11:12; Lk 4:2; 6:3, 25; Ro 12:20 (Pr 25:21); 1 Cor 11:34; B 10:3. Opp. μεθύειν 1 Cor 11:21. Opp. χορτάζεσθαι Phil 4:12. ὁ πεινῶν, οἱ πεινῶντες the one who is hungry, those who are hungry Lk 1:53 (cp. Ps 106:9; Tat. 23, 1); 6:21; 1 Cl 59:4; B 3:3 (Is 58:7), 5 (Is 58:10); Hv 3, 9, 5. W. διψᾶν (διψάω 1) 1 Cor 4:11; Rv 7:16 (Is 49:10); ISm 6:2.

② desire someth. strongly, hunger for someth. fig. ext. of 1 (X., Pla. et al., but w. gen. of thing. For the acc. cp. διψάω 2 and Zosimus: Hermet. IV p. 111, 3 πεῖν. τὴν σὴν ψυχήν) w. acc. of thing Mt 5:6 (w. διψᾶν, as Plut., Mor. 460b; Jer 38:25). Of the longing for spiritual food J 6:35 (also w. διψᾶν. Cp. ParJer 9:20 ἐμπλήσει τὰς πεινώσας ψυχάς [Jer 38, 25]).—DELG s.v. πείνη. M-M. TW.

σῖτος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, JosAs; ApcEsdr 5:12 p. 30, 6 Tdf.; SibOr, Philo Jos., Vi. 71; Ath. 22, 6) wheat, but also grain gener. Mt 13:25, 29 (weeds in it as SibOr 1, 397); Lk 16:7; Rv 6:6 (on this s. Diod S 14, 111, 1 as an indication of severe famine and rising prices πέντε μνῶν γενέσθαι τὸν μέδιμνον τοῦ σίτου=a bushel of grain sold for five minas; Jos., Ant. 14, 28); 18:13. κόκκος τοῦ ς. J 12:24; 1 Cor 15:37 (cp. ApcEsdr 5:12 τὸν σπόρον τοῦ σίτου; granum tritici Papias [1, 3]). συνάγειν τὸν ς. εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην Mt 3:12; 13:30; Lk 3:17; cp. 12:18. σινιάσαι τὸν ς. 22:31. As a ship’s cargo Ac 27:38. ς. ὥριμος 1 Cl 56:15 (Job 5:26). For πλήρης σῖτον Mk 4:28 see πλήρης 2.—Pl. τὰ σῖτα (Hdt.+; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 19 and LXX, where this form occurs in Job and Pr; but the pl. is not found in any other book; s. Thackeray 155.—B-D-F §49, 3; Mlt-H. 122; 372) Ac 7:12 v.l. Ignatius, in his fervent longing for martyrdom, uses this imagery: σῖτός εἰμι θεοῦ I am God’s wheat and will be ground by the teeth of the wild beasts IRo 4:1.—B. 514; Pauly-W. Suppl. VI (1935) 819ff; I (1894) 261ff; VII (1912) 1336ff; Kl. Pauly V 217–19; BHHW I 563. DELG. M-M.

καρδία, ας, ἡ (since Hom. [καρδίη, κραδίη]. Rather rare in other wr. in the period of the Gk. Bible [s. Diod S 32, 20; Plut., Mor. p. 30a; 63a; Epict. 1, 27, 21; M. Ant. 2, 3, 3; 7, 13, 3; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 4, 1, 5; Lucian; pap, incl. PGM 5, 157; 13, 263; 833; 1066; s. below 1bη], but common LXX, pseudepigr.; Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 39, 5; 46, 5 al.; Ath. 31, 3. On Philo and Joseph. s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht d. Jos. ’32, 21).

① heart as seat of physical, spiritual and mental life (as freq. in Gk. lit.), fig. extension of ‘heart’ as an organ of the body (Il. 13, 282 al.), a mng. not found in our lit.

ⓐ as the center and source of physical life (Ps 101:5; 103:15) ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς … τὰς κ. satisfying the hearts w. food Ac 14:17. τρέφειν τὰς κ. fatten the hearts Js 5:5.

ⓑ as center and source of the whole inner life, w. its thinking, feeling, and volition (νοῦν κ. φρένας κ. διάνοιαν κ. λογισμὸν εἶπέ τις ποιητὴς [Hes., Fgm. 247 Rz.] ἐν καρδίᾳ περιέχεσθαι=some poet said that the heart embraces perception, wit, intellect, and reflection), of humans whether in their pre-Christian or Christian experience

α. in an all-inclusive sense: said of God’s or Christ’s awareness about the inner life of humans γινώσκειν τὰς καρδίας (cp. 1 Km 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; s. also Did., Gen. 170, 24) Lk 16:15; δοκιμάζειν 1 Th 2:4; ἐρευνᾶν Ro 8:27; Rv 2:23 (νεφροὺς κ. καρδίας as Ps 7:10; Jer 17:10; 20:12); κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας Hb 4:12; τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς κ. 1 Cor 14:25 (cp. TestReub 1:4). Generally, of human attitudes ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς κ. ἄνθρωπος 1 Pt 3:4. ἐκ καρδίας from (the bottom of) the heart=sincerely (Aristoph., Nub. 86) Ro 6:17. Also ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν (M. Ant. 2, 3, 3 ἀπὸ καρδίας εὐχάριστος τ. θεοῖς; Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 19; Is 59:13; La 3:33) Mt 18:35. ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας (TestLevi 13:1) Ac 8:37 v.l. Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν 1 Pt 3:15. Opp. κοιλία Mk 7:19. Opp. πρόσωπον and καρδία externals and inner attitude of heart (cp. 1 Km 16:7 ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον, ὁ δὲ θεὸς ὄψεται εἰς καρδίαν) 2 Cor 5:12. The same contrast προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ outwardly, not inwardly 1 Th 2:17. As seat of inner life in contrast to mouth or lips, which either give expression to the inner life or deny it Mt 15:8; Mk 7:6 (both Is 29:13); Mt 15:18; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14); vs. 9f; 2 Cor 6:11. ψάλλοντες (+ ἐν v.l.) τῇ καρδίᾳ Eph 5:19. ᾂδειν ἐν ταῖς κ. Col 3:16.

β. of inner awareness (see the ‘poet’ under 1b above; Aesop, Fab. 254P.=232H/134b H-H./184 Ch.; 3 Km 10:2; Job 12:3; 17:4): 2 Cor 4:6; Eph 1:18; 2 Pt 1:19. τῇ κ. συνιέναι understand Mt 13:15b; Ac 28:27b (both Is 6:10). νοεῖν τῇ κ. think J 12:40b. ἐν τῇ κ. λέγειν (Dt 8:17; 9:4; Ps 13:1. Also Aesop Fab. 62 H.=283b 5 H-H./179c Ch. βοῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ alternating w. ταῦτα καθʼ ἑαυτὸν λέγοντος) say to oneself, i.e. think, reflect, without saying anything aloud Mt 24:48; Lk 12:45; Ro 10:6; Rv 18:7; διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:6, 8; Lk 3:15; 5:22; Hv 1, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3. The κ. as the source of διαλογισμοί Mt 15:19; Mk 7:21; Lk 2:35; 9:47. διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 24:38. ἀναβαίνει τι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν τινός someth. enters someone’s mind=someone thinks of someth. (s. ἀναβαίνω 2) Ac 7:23; 1 Cor 2:9; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 3, 5; Hs 5, 7, 2. Also of memory Hv 3, 7, 6; m 4, 2, 2; 6, 2, 8. θέσθαι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 1:66. διατηρεῖν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ Lk 2:51 (cp. TestLevi 6:2). συμβάλλειν vs. 19. ἐνθυμεῖσθαι Mt 9:4. διακρίνειν Hv 1, 2, 2. πάντα τὰ ῥήματά μου ἐν καρδίᾳ λαμβάνων taking all my words to heart AcPl Ha 1, 6.—Likew. of a lack of understanding: ἡ ἀσύνετος κ. the senseless mind Ro 1:21; βραδὺς τῇ κ. slow of comprehension Lk 24:25 (cp. Tetr. Iamb. 2, 31a, 6 the mocking words of the fox ὦ ἀνόητε κ. βραδὺ τῇ καρδίᾳ). ἐπαχύνθη ἡ κ. τοῦ λαοῦ Mt 13:15a; Ac 28:27a (both Is 6:10). πωροῦν τὴν κ. J 12:40a; κ. πεπωρωμένη Mk 6:52; 8:17; ἡ πώρωσις τῆς κ. 3:5; Eph 4:18. ἀπατᾶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ Js 1:26; cp. Ro 16:18. κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν κ. κεῖται 2 Cor 3:15 (cp. ἐστί τι ‘κάλλυμα’ ἀγνοίας ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 50, 5).—As the seat of thought, κ. is also the seat of doubt διακρίνεσθαι ἐν τῇ κ. Mk 11:23. διστάζειν Hm 9:5.—The gospel is sown in the heart Mt 13:19 v.l.; Mk 4:15 v.l.; Lk 8:12, 15. God opens the heart Ac 16:14 or the eyes of the heart Eph 1:18; 1 Cl 59:3 to Christian knowledge.

γ. of the will and its decisions (Diod S 32, 20) ἕκαστος καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ κ. each of you must give as you have made up your mind 2 Cor 9:7 (NRSV) (cp. TestJos 17:3 ἐπὶ προαιρέσει καρδίας). θέτε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν (s. 1 Km 21:13) make up your minds Lk 21:14; cp. Ac 5:4. πρόθεσις τ. καρδίας 11:23. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν κ. ἵνα put it into someone’s heart to J 13:2. Also διδόναι εἰς τ. κ. (2 Esdr 17:5) w. inf. foll. Rv 17:17, or πληροῦν τὴν κ. w. inf. foll. Ac 5:3. Cp. 1 Cor 4:5; 7:37; 2 Cor 8:16; in citation Hb 3:8, 15; 4:7 (each Ps 94:8) al. πλανᾶσθαι τῇ κ. 3:10. God’s law written in human hearts Ro 2:15; 2 Cor 3:2f. In citation Hb 8:10; 10:16 (both Jer 38:33). Stability in the face of dissident teaching Hb 13:9.

δ. of moral decisions, the moral life, of vices and virtues: ἁγνίζειν τὰς κ. Js 4:8; καθαρίζειν τὰς κ. Ac 15:9; Hv 3, 9, 8; w. ἀπό τινος Hm 12, 6, 5; καθαρὸς τῇ κ. pure in heart (Ps 23:4) Mt 5:8; καθαρὰ κ. (Sextus 46b) Hv 4, 2, 5; 5:7; m 2:7 cj.; Hs 7:6. ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς κ. ἀπὸ συνειδήσεως πονηρᾶς with hearts sprinkled clean from a consciousness of guilt Hb 10:22. κ. ἄμεμπτος 1 Th 3:13. ἀμετανόητος Ro 2:5. κ. πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας Hb 3:12; λίθιναι κ. B 6:14 (Ezk 36:26). γεγυμνασμένη πλεονεξίας trained in greediness 2 Pt 2:14 (cp. κ. … ἐπὶ τὸ κακὸν ἔγκειται Did., Gen. 104, 14). Cp. Lk 21:34; Ac 8:21f. περιτομὴ καρδίας (cp. Jer 9:25; Ezk 44:7, 9) Ro 2:29.—B 9:1; 10:12. Cp. Ac 7:51.

ε. of the emotions, wishes, desires (Theognis 1, 366; Bacchylides 17, 18): ἐπιθυμίαι τῶν κ. desires of the heart Ro 1:24. ἐπὶ τὴν κ. σου ἀνέβη ἡ ἐπιθυμία τ. πονηρίας Hv 1, 1, 8; cp. Hs 5, 1, 5. ἐνθύμησις m 4, 1, 2; 6, 2, 7. μὴ ἀναβαινέτω σου ἐπὶ τὴν κ. περὶ γυναικός m 4, 1, 1; cp. Hv 1, 2, 4; Mt 5:28.—6:21; 12:34f; Lk 6:45; 12:34; 24:32 (s. καίω 1b); Js 3:14; 5:8. Of joy: ηὐφράνθη ἡ κ. Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9). χαρήσεται ἡ κ. J 16:22. Of sorrow: ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν τὴν κ. 16:6; λύπη ἐγκάθηται εἰς τὴν κ. grief sits in the heart Hm 10, 3, 3. ἡ κ. ταράσσεται (Job 37:1; Ps 142:4) J 14:1, 27; ὀδύνη τῇ κ. Ro 9:2. συνοχὴ καρδίας anguish of heart 2 Cor 2:4; διαπρίεσθαι ταῖς κ. Ac 7:54; κατανυγῆναι τὴν κ. 2:37; συνθρύπτειν τὴν κ. 21:13. κ. συντετριμμένη a broken heart B 2:10; 1 Cl 18:17b (Ps 50:19). συντετριμμένοι τὴν κ. Lk 4:18 v.l. παρακαλεῖν τὰς κ. Eph 6:22; Col 2:2; 4:8; 2 Th 2:17. Of hope (Ps 111:7) Hm 12, 5, 2. Of repentance ἐξ ὅλης κ. Hv 3, 13, 4; m 5, 1, 7; 12, 6, 1. Of sensitivity about doing what is right (1 Km 24:6; 2 Km 24:10) 1J 3:19, 20, 21 (s. ASkrinjar, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 340–50). Of a wish εὐδοκία τῆς κ. (s. εὐδοκία 3) Ro 10:1. Of a longing for God τὴν κ. ἔχειν πρὸς κύριον Hm 10, 1, 6. ἐπιστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἐξ ὅλης τῆς κ. 12, 6, 2 (cp. 3 Km 8:48). προσέρχεσθαι μετὰ ἀληθινῆς κ. with sincere desire (cp. Is 38:3; TestDan 5:3 ἀλ. κ.) Hb 10:22. Cp. the opposite Ac 7:39.—Also of the wish or desire of God ἀνὴρ κατὰ τὴν κ. (τοῦ θεοῦ) after God’s heart i.e. as God wishes him to be Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14).

ζ. esp. also of love (Aristoph., Nub. 86 ἐκ τῆς κ. φιλεῖν; M. Ant. 7, 13, 3 ἀπὸ κ. φιλεῖν τ. ἀνθρώπους) ἀγαπᾶν τινα ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας Mk 12:30, 33; Lk 10:27 (cp. Dt 6:5 and APF 5, 1913, 393 no. 312, 9 ἐκ ψυχῆς κ. καρδίας). ἐν ὅλῃ τ. καρδίᾳ Mt 22:37; ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα Lk 1:17 (Mal 3:23); εἶναι ἐν τῇ κ. have a place in the heart 2 Cor 7:3; ἔχειν τινὰ ἐν τῇ κ. Phil 1:7; Hm 12, 4, 3; Hs 5, 4, 3; cp. m 12, 4, 5; κατευθύνειν τὰς κ. εἰς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Th 3:5.—The opp. κατά τινος ἐν τῇ κ. ἔχειν have someth. against someone Hv 3, 6, 3.

η. of disposition (TestJob 48:1 ἀνέλαβεν ἄλλην κ.) διάνοια καρδίας Lk 1:51; ἁπλότης (τ.) καρδίας (TestReub 4:1, Sim 4:5 al.) Eph 6:5; Col 3:22; ἀφελότης καρδίας Ac 2:46. κ. καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32 (cp. Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 5]; combination of ψυχή and καρδία as PGM 7, 472; IDefixWünsch 3, 15; Dt 11:18; 1 Km 2:35; 4 Km 23:3 and oft. LXX—on such combinations s. Reader, Polemo p. 260 and cp. Demosth. 18, 220 ῥώμη καὶ τόλμη). πραῢς καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ κ. Mt 11:29 (cp. TestReub 6:10). ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν let the peace of Christ control you Col 3:15; cp. Phil 4:7.

θ. The human καρδία as the dwelling-place of heavenly powers and beings (PGM 1, 21 ἔσται τι ἔνθεον ἐν τῇ σῇ κ.): of the Spirit Ro 5:5; 2 Cor 1:22; Gal 4:6; of the Lord Eph 3:17; of the angel of righteousness Hm 6, 2, 3; 5.

② interior, center, heart, fig. ext. of 1 (Ezk 27:4, 25; Jon 2:4; Ps 45:3; EpJer 19) τῆς γῆς Mt 12:40.—S., in addition to works on Bibl. anthropology and psychology (πνεῦμα end): HKornfeld, Herz u. Gehirn in altjüd. Auffassung: Jahrb. für jüd. Gesch. u. Lit. 12, 1909, 81–89; ASchlatter, Herz. u. Gehirn im 1. Jahrh.: THaering Festschr. 1918, 86–94; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 216–22 (Paul), tr., Theol. of the NT, KGrobel, ’51, I, 220–27; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 305–33. For OT viewpoints s. RNorth, BRev 11/3, ’95, 33 (lit.)—B. 251. EDNT. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἐράω impv. ἐράτω (Pind., Hdt. et al.; PSI 406, 36 [III B.C.]; Philo, Just., Tat., Ath.; the noun ἔρως Just., D. 8, 1 of affection for prophets and ‘friends of Christ’). From ἔραμαι (Hom. et al.; e.g. 1 aor. mid. ἠρασάμην Il. 14, 316b; Ath. 21, 4) 1 aor. pass. ἠράσθην. Freq. of sexual attraction, as Hdt. 9, 108; X., Cyr. 5, 1, 10; then, as in our lit., to feel passionately about, have a longing for, feel fervently about τινός someth. (Aeschyl., Eum. 852 γῆς; Herm. Wr. 6, 4b; Pr 4:6; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 258 ἀληθείας) τῆς σαρκός IRo 2:1. Desire, yearn (Il. 9, 64) ἐ. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν 7:2. W. inf. foll. (Pind. et al.) ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ ἐλευθεροῦσθαι have a desire to be freed (fr. slavery) at the expense of the church IPol 4:3 (in view of the subtle wordplay suggested by the purpose clause, the writer evidently projects the sensual connotation that the word has in some contexts outside our lit.; s. above).—BWarfield, The Terminology of Love in the NT, PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203.—DELG s.v. ἔραμαι. TW. Sv.

φιλόγαμος

longing for marriage: masc /fem nom /voc pl

Ἑλλᾰς (Ἑλλάς, -άδος, -άδι, -άδ（α).)

μῆδος (A), εος, τό, ([etym.] μέδω) poet. Noun, only in pl. μήδεα,

A counsels, plans, arts, mostly with collat. notion of prudence or cunning,

δόλους καὶ μ. πυκνά Il.3.202

;

βουλαὶ.. μ. τ' ἀνδρῶν 2.340

;

πεπνυμένα μ. εἰδώς 7.278

, Od.2.38;

πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μ. ἔχοντες Il.24.674

;

θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μ. ἔχοντα Od.13.89

; μάχης μ. plans of fight, Il.15.467, 16.120;

μ. πατρός Hes.Th. 398

;

μήδεσιν ἀμοῖς Pi.P.4.27

, cf. 10.11;

ἐπικότοισι μήδεσι A. Pr. 601

(lyr.); σός τε πόθος σά τε μ. longing for thee and thy counsels, Od.11.202.

-------------------------------------------

μῆδος (B), εος, τό, [dialect] Ep. Noun, only pl. μήδεα,

A genitals, Od.18.67, 87, 22.476, Androm. ap. Gal.14.41;

μ. φωτός Od.6.129

, cf. Call.Fr. 50 P.; v. μέζεα. (In late Prose, Ant.Lib.17.6.)

2 urine,

λαγόνων ἀπὸ μήδεα χεύῃ Opp.C.4.441

.

πεῖνα, [dialect] Ion. [full] πείνη, ης, ἡ,

A hunger, famine,

πείνη δ' οὔ ποτε δῆμον ἐπέρχεται Od. 15.407

; πεῖνα (v.l. πείνη )

καὶ δίψα Pl.R. 585a

; δίψαν.. καὶ πεῖναν ib. 437d ;

δίψα καὶ πεῖνα Arist. de An. 414b11

;

πείνην τε καὶ δίψος Pl.Phlb. 34d

; πείνη ib. 31e, Ly. 221a : pl.,

δίψαι καὶ πεῖναι Arist. Rh. 1389a9

.

2 metaph., hunger or longing for a thing,

διὰ μαθημάτων πείνην Pl.Phlb. 52a

. (In nom. and acc. sg. Pl. usu. has πείνη -ην, v. supr.)

φῐλό-γᾰμος, ον,

A longing for marriage,

μνηστῆρες E.IA 392

(troch.).

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `longing for' (Il., Emp., A. R.), late finite formen λελίη-το (A. R.), - σαι (Theoc., Orph.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Isolated perfectformation (cf. Wackernagel Syntax 1, 169 and Schwyzer 770), of old connected with λιλαίομαι, with λε-λιη-μένος as analogical after τε-τιη-μένος (Pedersen Litteris [Lund 1928] 5, 115 A. 1); other analysis by Meillet BSL 27, 230f. (s. W.-Hofmann s. lascīvus). - After Bechtel Lex. s. v. however to λῆν `will', with Solmsen KZ 44, 171 who also connects λιλαίομαι. Unconvincing, unclear.

Page in Frisk: 2,103-104

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to desire, to long for, to miss' (Il.).

Other forms: Inf. - ήμεναι (Od.), ind. - ήω (Sapph.), aor. ποθ-έσαι (Il.), - ῆσαι (IA.), fut. - έσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (IA.), perf. πεπόθ-ηκα, - ημαι (late).

Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-.

Derivatives: ( ἐπι-) πόθ-ησις, - ημα (Aq., Ep. Cor. a.o.), ἐπιποθ-ία (Ep. Rom.) `longing'; also ποθ-ητύς f. `id.' (Opp.; Benveniste Noms d'agent 73), - ήτωρ m. `desirous person' (Man.). -- Besides πόθος m. `desire, longing, love' (Il.), also as plantname (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pfl.namen 107 w. lit.), ποθή f. `id.' (Hom., late prose), with ποθεινός `longed for' (Lyr., trag., also Att. prose), after ἀλγεινός a.o.; - ινός `id.' (AP); on πόθος: ποθή Bolelli Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 24, 111ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [488] * gʷʰedʰ- `pray'

Etymology: Beside the present ποθέω stands a primary verb, which is best represented through the aorist θέσσασθαι (s. v.); it is therefore obvious to take ποθέω as an orig. iterative-intensive and to equate it wih a corresponding Celt. formation, OIr. guidiu `pray' (Schwyzer 719, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348 f.). From primary verb were also the nom. actionis πόθος, ποθή derived, IE *gʷhódh-os\/, -ā́, to which ποθέω because of its strong phonetic differentition from the main verb was considered as denom. -- The mentioned verbal nouns have no correspondence outside Greek; note however a Celt. i̯ā-derivation, OIr. guide f. `prayer' (from *gʷhodh-i̯ā; cf. ἐπιποθ-ία). To the s. θέσσασθαι mentioned Celt. and Iran. words belong several, for Greek unimportant, cognates in Balto-Slav., e.g. the nasal verbs Lith. pa-si-gendù, -gedaũ, -gèsti `miss, long for', OCS žęždǫ, žędati `desire, long for, thirst', s. Fraenkel s. gèsti 2 and Vasmer s. žadátь w. lit.; on the whole still WP. 1, 673, Pok. 488.

Page in Frisk: 2,570

ποθέω

long for: pres ind act 2nd sg (doric)

ποθή

longing: fem gen sg (attic epic ionic)

πίνω

Aër.

aor subj pass 2nd sg

ποθέω

long for: pres subj act 2nd sg

ποθή

longing: fem dat pl (epic)

ποθ-έω, Od.1.343, etc.; [dialect] Aeol. [full] ποθήω Sapph.23; [dialect] Ep. inf.

A

ποθήμεναι Od.12.110

: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

πόθεον Il.2.726

, etc.; also

ποθέεσκον 1.492

, Call.in PSI9.1092.51: [tense] fut.

ποθήσω X.Mem.3.11.3

, Oec.8.10, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Hdt.5.93; also

ποθέσομαι Lys.8.18

, Pl.Phd. 98a: [tense] aor. ἐπόθεσα, [dialect] Ep. πόθεσα, inf. ποθέσαι, Il.15.219, Od.2.375, 4.748, ([etym.] προ-) Gal.Thras. 29;

ἐπόθησα Pl.Men. 84c

, X.HG5.3.20, etc.; both forms in codd. of Hdt.,

ἐπόθησε 3.36

,

ἐπόθεσαν 9.22

; ἐπόθεσα also in codd. of Isoc.4.122, 19.7: [tense] pf.

πεπόθηκα AP11.417

, S.E.M.11.139, etc.:— [voice] Med., S.Tr. 103(lyr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

πεπόθημαι Orph.H.81.3

, etc.: (cf. πόθος fin.):—long for, yearn after (what is absent), miss or regret (what is lost),

φθινύθεσκε.. αὖθι μένων, ποθέεσκε δ' ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε Il.1.492

;

πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν 2.703

;

τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ποθέω Od.1.343

;

π. στρατιᾶς ὀφθαλμὸν ἐμᾶς Pi.O.6.16

, cf. Hdt.3.36, 9.22, etc.;

ἄνδρας πόλις ἥδε ποθεῖ IG12.945.10

;

ποθεῖν ποθοῦντα τήνδε γῆν στρατὸν λέγεις A.Ag. 545

;

τὸν δ' ἐμὸν δῆμον ποθῶν Ar.Ach.33

;

ποθεῖς τὸν οὐ παρόντα Id.Pl. 1127

; αἱ κνῆμαι.. σου.. τὰς πέδας π. ib. 276; ἡ χώρα αὐτὴ τὸ μὴ ὂν ποθήσει the place itself will miss what is absent, X.Oec.8.10;

π. τὰς ἐν τῇ νεότητι ἡδονάς Pl.R. 329a

, cf. Ti. 19a, And. 1.70:—[voice] Pass., S.Tr. 632, etc.; ὦ ποθουμένη (sc. Εἰρήνη) Ar. Pax 586;

ποθεῖκαὶ ποθεῖται Pl.Phdr. 255d

.

2 of things, crave, require,

τί γὰρ π. τράπεζα; E.Fr. 467

;

π. ἡ ἀπόκρισις ἐρώτησιν τοιάνδε Pl.Smp. 204d

, cf. Prt. 352a.

II c. inf., to be anxious to do, E.Hec. 1020, Antipho5.64, X.An.6.4.8; τὸ νοσοῦν ποθεῖ σε ξυμπαραστάτην λαβεῖν my sickness needs to take thee.., S.Ph. 675; ἆρα ἔτι ποθοῦμεν μὴ ἱκανῶς δεδεῖχθαι; do we still feel that it has not been satisfactorily proved? Pl.Lg. 896a:—[voice] Pass., ποθεῖται.. λεχθῆναι requires to be stated, Arist.EN 1097b23.

III abs., love with fond regret,

οἱ δὲ ποθεῦντες ἐν ἤματι γηράσκουσι Theoc.12.2

, cf. Luc.Im.22, etc.

2 τὸ ποθοῦν longing, desire (wrongly expld. by Sch. as = τὸ ποθούμενον), S.Tr. 196.

3 [voice] Med. only in ib. 103(lyr.), ποθουμένα φρήν the longing soul, cf. Eust.806.56.